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Introducción: El espectro de la conducta suicida (CS) es nuclear en la clínica y el tratamiento del trastorno límite de personalidad (TLP). Los rasgos patológicos del TLP intervienen como factores de riesgo de CS en confluencia con otras variables clínicas y sociodemográficas asociadas con el TLP. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en evaluar los rasgos de personalidad específicos del TLP que se relacionan con la CS. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio transversal, observacional y retrospectivo, de una muestra de 134 pacientes con diagnóstico de TLP según los criterios del DSM-5. Se utilizan los cuestionarios de Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat para valorar distintos parámetros de la personalidad. Se realizan comparaciones por variables mediante las pruebas de la x2 y de la t de Student. La asociación entre variables se analiza mediante regresión logística multivariada. Resultados: Se objetivan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la CS y relacionadas y la dimensión neuroticismo-ansiedad en el test de Zuckerman-Kuhlman. Asimismo se relaciona de manera significativa con la subescala fóbica y antisocial del Millon-II. La impulsividad medida con las pruebas de Zuckerman-Kuhlman y Barrat no aparece relacionada con la CS. Conclusiones: Los resultados presentados plantean el papel de los rasgos fóbicos, antisociales y del neuroticismo como posibles rasgos de personalidad del TLP relacionados con la CS. Incluso se propone una importancia mayor que el de la impulsividad dentro de la relación del TLP con la CS. De cara al futuro, estudios longitudinales permitirían aumentar la evidencia científica de los hallazgos presentados. © 2021 Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría. Publicado por Elsevier Espafña, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.
Introduction: The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic andmanagement of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. Conclusions: The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings. © 2021 Asociacio´n Colombiana de Psiquiatria. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
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Uma fobia específica é um medo irreal ou extremo de uma situação, objeto ou ambiente específico. Teorias iniciais sobre aquisição de fobias específicas favoreceram uma explicação no condicionamento do medo. Este artigo quantificou medos com um potencial ofensivo maior e menor para as espécies em uma amostra de 148 estudantes com média de idade de 21,5 anos (DP = 2,6). Além das diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as duas categorias de medo, houve uma correlação de medos de uma menor ofensa potencial para humanos com ansiedade e depressão, estresse e impulsividade. Este trabalho pode ajudar a elucidar problemas relacionados a incidência de certas fobias
A specific phobiais an unrealistic or extreme fear of a specific situation, object, or setting. Initial theories regarding the acquisition of specific phobias favored a fear conditioningbased explanation. The present article quantifi ed fears with higher and lower off ensive potential for the human species in a sample of 148 students with an average age of 21,5 years (DP = 2,6). It In addition to statistically signifi cant diff erences between the two categories of fear, there was a correlation of fears of lower off ensive potential for humans with anxiety and depression, stress and impulsivity. This work may help to elucidate issues related to the incidence of certain phobias
Una fobia específica es un miedo poco realista o extremo a una situación, objeto o entorno específico. Teorías iniciales sobre la adquisición de fobias específicas favoreció una explicación basada en el condicionamiento del miedo. El presente artículo cuantifi có los temores con un potencial ofensivo mayor y menor para la espécie en una muestra de 148 estudiantes comum a edad media de 21, 5 años (DP= 2,6). Además de las diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las dos categorías de miedo, hubo una correlación de los temores de un menor potencial ofensivo para los humanos con ansiedad y depresión, estrés e impulsividad. Este trabajo puede ayudar a dilucidar problemas relacionados con la incidencia de ciertas fobias
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Anxiety , Phobic Disorders , Depression , Fear , Impulsive BehaviorABSTRACT
Introduction: Psychiatric symptoms and analgesic overuse may contribute to migraine chronification. Impulsivity is a common symptom in several psychiatric disorders that can potentiate substance overuse, including analgesics. Dopamine has been associated with migraine pathophysiology and impulsivity. Objective: This review aims to assess the current knowledge about the potential association between migraine and impulsivity. Methods: PubMed and LILACS were queried using relevant descriptors related to migraine and impulsivity. Results: Five articles were selected; however, none revealed a significant correlation between migraine and impulsivity. This lack of correlation was verified in different migraine subtypes (with or without aura, chronic, or episodic). Conclusion: The heterogeneity in patient grouping and diverse impulsivity assessment tools of the studies precluded definitive conclusions. The Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) was the most frequently used tool. Given the paucity of data and the potential impact on migraine management, further studies are crucial to elucidate the potential association between migraine and impulsivity.
Introdução: Sintomas psiquiátricos e uso excessivo de analgésicos podem contribuir para a cronificação da enxaqueca. A impulsividade é um sintoma comum em vários transtornos psiquiátricos que pode potencializar o uso excessivo de substâncias, incluindo analgésicos. A dopamina tem sido associada à fisiopatologia e impulsividade da enxaqueca. Objetivo: Esta revisão tem como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento atual sobre a potencial associação entre enxaqueca e impulsividade. Métodos: PubMed e LILACS foram consultados utilizando descritores relevantes relacionados à enxaqueca e impulsividade. Resultados: Foram selecionados cinco artigos; no entanto, nenhum revelou uma correlação significativa entre enxaqueca e impulsividade. Essa falta de correlação foi verificada em diferentes subtipos de enxaqueca (com ou sem aura, crônica ou episódica). Conclusão: A heterogeneidade no agrupamento de pacientes e as diversas ferramentas de avaliação da impulsividade dos estudos impediram conclusões definitivas. A Escala de Impulsividade Barratt (BIS-11) foi o instrumento mais utilizado. Dada a escassez de dados e o potencial impacto no tratamento da enxaqueca, mais estudos são cruciais para elucidar a potencial associação entre enxaqueca e impulsividade.
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The study was conducted to explore the relationship between impulsiveness and academic procrastination of school students.The study was conducted on 100 school students. Impulsiveness Scale adapted by the investigator (Ray and Sharma, 1988) and Academic Procrastination Scale adapted by the investigator (Kalia and Yadav, 2013) was used for data collection. Results indicated that significant variance in impulsiveness was not found among school students belonging to different categories. The school students having more academic procrastination were more impulsiveness as compared to school students who have low level of academic procrastination. There was significant relationship between impulsiveness and academic-procrastination of school students.
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ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of impulsivity in adolescent depressive disorder patients with non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior， analyze the relationship between NSSI behavior and impulsivity， so as to identify patients with NSSI behavior and provide targeted intervention at early stages. MethodsA total of 53 adolescent patients with depressive disorder who were hospitalized for the first hospitalization in Shenzhen Kangning Hospital were enrolled， diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）. Thereafter， the adolescents were divided into NSSI group （n=30） and non-NSSI group （n=23）. Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17）， Adolescents Self-Harm Scale and Barratt Impulsivity Scale （BIS-11） were used to evaluate the severity of depression， NSSI and impulsivity. ResultsCompared with the non-NSSI group， the NSSI group scored higher on HAMD-17 ［（25.50±4.10） vs. （21.43±4.64）， t=3.379， P<0.01］， motor impulsiveness of BIS-11 ［（51.67±15.95） vs. （38.70±14.90）， t=3.018， P<0.01］， cognitive impulsiveness ［（52.75±13.22） vs. （43.37±18.40）， t=2.161， P<0.05］， non-planning impulsiveness ［（68.00±15.32） vs. （50.76±21.35）， t=3.424， P<0.01］ and BIS-11 ［（57.42±11.08） vs. （44.27±14.83）， t=3.695， P<0.01］. Within NSSI group， the score of Adolescents Self-Harm Scale was positively correlated with the score of motor impulsiveness in BIS-11 （r=0.691， P<0.01）. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that HAMD-17 score （β=0.172， OR=1.187， 95% CI： 1.007~1.400） and non-planning impulsiveness of BIS-11 （β=0.044， OR=1.045， 95% CI： 1.002~1.091） were associated with NSSI in adolescent patients with depressive disorder （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe severity of depressive symptoms and non-planning impulsiveness may be risk factors for NSSI behavior in adolescent patients with depressive disorder.
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Abstract Introduction/objective: Few studies address the relationship between attachment and impulsiveness in adolescence. Therefore, the objectives of this study have been to study the relationship between attachment, early maladaptive schemas, and impulsiveness, as well as to verify the predictive role of the first two on impulsiveness. Lastly, the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and impulsiveness is studied. Method: The sample is 1533 adolescents from Ecuador (826 men and 707 women), between 14 and 18 years of age (M = 15.76, SD = 1.25). The following questionnaires were used to measure the study variables: CaMir-R, YSQ-S3, BIS 11. Results: The results reflect how safety, the value of parental authority, parental permissiveness, self-sufficiency and resentment against parents, childhood trauma and the negative/pessimistic schema predict impulsive behaviour. The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas is also confirmed. Conclusions: Knowledge of the role of early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles as risk or vulnerability factors involved in the establishment of impulsive behaviour is very useful in order to implement preventive strategies and an appropriate therapeutic approach.
Resumen Introducción/objetivo: Son escasos los estudios que abordan la relación entre el apego y la impulsividad en la adolescencia. Por ello, los objetivos del estudio han sido estudiar la relación entre el apego, las estructuras inadaptadas tempranas y la impulsividad, así como comprobar el papel predictivo de los dos primeros sobre la impulsividad. Por último, se estudia el papel mediador de los esquemas inadaptados tempranos en la relación entre el apego y la impulsividad. Método: La muestra es de 1533 adolescentes de Ecuador (826 hombres y 707 mujeres), con edades entre los 14 y 18 años (M = 15.76, DT = 1.25). Se emplearon los siguientes cuestionarios para medir las variables de estudio: CaMir-R, YSQ-S3, BIS 11. Resultados: Los resultados reflejan como la seguridad, el valor a la autoridad parental, la permisividad parental, la autosuficiencia y rencor contra los padres, el traumatismo infantil y el esquema negatividad/pesimismo predicen la conducta impulsiva. Asimismo, se confirma el papel mediador de los esquemas inadaptados tempranos. Conclusiones: El conocimiento del papel que cumplen los esquemas inadaptados tempranos y los estilos de apego como factores de riesgo o vulnerabilidad implicados en el establecimiento de la conducta impulsiva resulta de gran utilidad de cara a implementar estrategias preventivas y un enfoque terapéutico adecuado.
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O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) se caracteriza pela desatenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade, que podem ser observadas já no início da infância. O TDAH afeta diretamente as Funções Executivas (FE), responsáveis pela regulação de comportamentos sociais e habilidades cognitivas, reduzindo o desempenho escolar e gerando problemas pessoais. Sendo assim, pesquisas relacionadas ao tema mostram-se importantes do aspecto clínico e educacional, podendo contribuir para a melhora da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos afetados. Portanto, neste estudo de revisão sistemática, buscou-se quantificar e explorar artigos com pesquisas empíricas que relacionam o TDAH e as FE. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados: Periódicos CAPES, LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC e SIBiUSP. Os critérios de inclusão foram o ano de publicação (2009-2019), língua portuguesa e artigos relacionados apenas à infância e à adolescência. No total foram encontrados 112 artigos, dos quais seis foram analisados. Os critérios examinados incluíram neuroanatomia, instrumentos de avaliação utilizados para a detecção do transtorno, entrevistas realizadas, gênero e nível escolar dos participantes. Foi observado que os instrumentos mais utilizados, nos artigos analisados, foram o SNAP IV, o WASI, o Teste de Trilhas, o Teste dos Cinco Pontos, o Teste de Atenção por Cancelamento e o subteste Go-no-Go do Neupsilin Infantil. A atual pesquisa permitiu mostrar o que há de mais recente sobre o assunto. Porém, apesar de sua importância, notou-se que existe uma escassez de estudos nacionais que correlacionam estes temas. Logo, são necessários mais estudos empíricos brasileiros que se dediquem a contribuir para estas áreas do conhecimento.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can be observed as early as childhood. The disorder directly affects Executive Functions (FE), those responsible for controlling social performance and cognitive skills, school performance, and the management of personal problems. Thus, research related to the theme shows important clinical and educational aspects and may contribute to improve the quality of life of affected individuals. Therefore, look through this systematic review study, quantify and explore articles with empirical research related to ADHD and EF. CAPES, LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC and SIBiUSP were used as Periodic databases. The inclusion requests were the year of publication (2009-2019), Portuguese language and articles related only to childhood and adolescence. We found 112 articles, of which six were analyzed. The tests examined include neuroanatomy, the assessment tools used to detect disorders, interviews, gender, and school level of the survey participants. It was observed that the most used instruments in the analyzed articles were the SNAP IV, the WASI, the Trail Test, the Five Point Test, the Attention for Cancellation Test and the Go-no-Go subtest Neupsilin childish. The current research shows the latest on the subject. However, despite their importance, there is no shortage of national studies that correlate these themes. Therefore, more Brazilian empirical studies are needed to dedicate the contribution to these areas of knowledge.
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Resumen La investigación referente a la sexualidad adolescente, identificando factores de protección, ha sido fundamental para el desarrollo de las políticas de salud pública. La aceptación incondicional no ha sido explorada en este contexto, lo que es peculiar si se considera su potencial teórico-práctico como un supuesto filosófico que aporte a la intervención psicoterapéutica y a la comprensión de la cognición humana. Este estudio abarcó a 1149 adolescentes de la ciudad de Huancayo, Perú, entre 13 y 18 años de edad, cursando estudios entre tercero y quinto de secundaría, de los cuales 53, 4% fueron de sexo masculino y 46,6% de sexo femenino, todos respondieron a tres escalas: Aceptación incondicional (UAQ), Bienestar de impulsividad (Barratt) y sentimiento de culpa (SC-35) El 12% de ellos afirmó haber sostenido relaciones sexuales coitales y resolvieron una escala de conductas sexuales seguras (SBQ). Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa en el efecto directo que tiene la impulsividad en el sentimiento de culpa, mediado por la aceptación incondicional, cuando se compara el modelo mediacional en adolescentes que no han iniciado su vida coital (Efecto indirecto ,0224 LLCI=003 ULCI=061) y en adolescentes que ya la han iniciado Efecto indirecto, (1012 LLCI=0173 ULCI=2447). Al explorar en estos últimos se ubica además un modelo de mediación significativo del efecto de las conductas sexuales seguras en la impulsividad, mediado por la aceptación incondicional (Efecto indirecto -,0847 LLCI=-2315 ULCI=-.0061). Adicionalmente, se identifican diferencias significativas de la relación de las variables según el género. Estos resultados nos permiten concluir que la aceptación incondicional cumple un rol importante para prevenir el sentimiento de culpa en los adolescentes cuando ya han iniciado actividad sexual coital, así mismo para explicar el efecto inverso que tienen las conductas sexuales seguras en la impulsividad. A partir de esto se sugiere educación en aceptación incondicional en adolescentes para prevenir impulsividad y sentimiento de culpa asociada a las prácticas de relaciones sexuales coitales
Abstract Research on protective factors on adolescence sexuality has been fundamental for the development of public health policy. Unconditional acceptance has not been explored in this context which is peculiar due to its theoretical and practice potential to improve psychotherapy and the understanding of human cognition. The sample for the present study was 1149 teenagers from Huancayo, Perú (Male: 53,4%; Female: 46,6%). The age Interval was between 13 and 18 years and they were studying in high school between third and fifth grade. They were evaluated with three scales: Unconditional Acceptance questionnaire (UAQ) Barratt impulsiveness Scale and feelings of guilt (SC-35). 12% of the sample claimed to had sexual intercourse and solved a sexual safe behaviors scale (SBQ). Results showed a significant difference between the mediation model of unconditional acceptance (in the effects of impulsiveness on the feeling of guilt) in teenagers that have initiated their sexual life (Indirect effect,1012 LLCI=0173 ULCI=2447) and teenagers that haven't initiated it (Indirect Effect ,0224 LLCI=003 ULCI=061). By exploring the first model, a significant mediational effect of unconditional acceptance has been found in the relation between sexual safe behaviours and impulsiveness (Indirect Effect -,0847 LLCI=-2315 ULCI=-.0061). Additionally. Significant differences of the variables according to genre were found. These results allow us to conclude that unconditional acceptance is important for the prevention of feelings of guilt in teenagers when they have initiated their sexual life. Additionally, is important to explain the negative effect that sexual safe behaviours has on impulsiveness. Unconditional acceptance education is suggested for prevent impulsiveness and feeling of guilt associated to sexual practices.
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@#There is strong evidence that paranoia can be an existing trait in the general population as a continuous dimension ranging from minimal levels to paranoid personality traits, and that at its maximum expression could take the form of disabling psychotic disorders such as delusional disorder or schizophrenia however, and according to Caviedes, GEC and Yonfá, EDA. Here are studies in which the existence of comorbidity between paranoid, borderline, antisocial and histrionic personality and problematic alcohol consumption is mentioned which in psychopathological terminology is called dual pathology (comorbidity of mental disorder and toxic consumption).
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@#In the 80’s, in Spain, there was a very significant increase in the population addicted to heroin use. The behaviour patterns of use and abuse of this substance also caused many drug addicts to be linked to the associated consumption of multiple toxic substances, favouring the appearance of politoxicomania. The origin of the change of model in drug use began in mid- 1987 and in the following years, ecstasy and the so-called designer drugs began to spread throughout the festival scene in the United Kingdom, Western Europe and the Iberian Peninsul. In the 90’s, new substances were introduced into society that had little to do with heroin use, shifting the link to toxic substances to these better accepted and less questioned substances, avoiding the possible problems associated with consumption in marginal environments. The normalization of the consumption of substances of abuse began to have a greater social tolerance, breaking the stigma that led to the alarm raised by heroin consumption in the 80’s. In this sense, drugs were no longer associated with marginalization, and were seen in environments considered festive and, therefore, “normal”. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 22(5): July 2021: 1-4.
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Resumen El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de Ideación Suicida de Roberts, de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos [CES-D] de Radloff, de Autoestima de Rosenberg, y de Impulsividad, Relación con Papá y Relación con Mamá, las tres de Climent, Aragón y Plutchick. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, de tipo transversal ex-post facto con 4,759 adolescentes de ambos sexos del estado de Chiapas, México. La confiabilidad evaluada a través del coeficiente alpha de Cronbach reportó índices superiores a .700 para todos los instrumentos, excepto para la Escala de Impulsividad. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios realizados mostraron arreglos de ítems semejantes, más no iguales, a los reportados en otros estudios en los que se han aplicado estos instrumentos, confirmando la validez de los constructos teóricos en los que se basó su diseño. Las Escalas analizadas son válidas para su uso en adolescentes de México, considerando los puntos de corte establecidos para cada una de ellas.
Abstract The study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of Roberts' Suicidal Ideation Scale, Radloff´ Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D], Radloff, Rosenberg Self-Esteem, and Impulsiveness, Dad Relationship and Mom Relationship, the three of Climent, Aragón & Plutchick. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, ex post facto study was performed with 4,759 adolescents of both sexes in Chiapas, Mexico. Reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient reported higher rates to .700 for all instruments, except for Impulsiveness Scale. The exploratory factor analyzes showed items such arrangements, but not identical, to those reported in other studies where these instruments have been administered, confirming the validity of the theoretical constructs on which its design was based. The scales are valid for use in adolescents from México, considering the cut-off points established for each of these tools.
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The objective of this study was to obtain evidence of validity of an instrument to measure the tendency to buy impulsively. A version adapted to Brazil of a Buying Impulsiveness Scale was applied to 1296 Brazilians from all states of the federation, with a mean age of 35.8 years (SD = 12.8). The results indicated a scale with one-factor structure, just like the original instrument, with an adequate index of internal consistency. Positive correlations were found between impulse buying tendency, normative social influence, and traits of impulsiveness of the consumer. The instrument was also able to differentiate people who make shopping lists from those who do not do them, and people who prefer to go shopping alone from those who prefer to buy accompanied by someone else. The evidences found in the study provide support to the use of the instrument for the Brazilian context. (AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências de validade de um instrumento para aferir a tendência de comprar impulsivamente. Aplicou-se uma versão adaptada para o Brasil de uma escala de compra por impulso em 1.296 brasileiros de todos os estados da federação, média de idade de 35,8 anos (DP = 12,8). Os resultados indicaram uma escala com estrutura unifatorial, tal como o instrumento original, com adequado índice de consistência interna. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre a tendência de comprar por impulso, a influência social normativa e traços de impulsividade do consumidor. O instrumento também foi capaz de diferenciar pessoas que fazem lista de compras das que não fazem e pessoas que preferem ir às compras sozinhas das que preferem comprar acompanhadas. As evidências encontradas suportam o uso do instrumento para o contexto brasileiro. (AU)
El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar evidencias de validez de un instrumento para medir la tendencia de comprar impulsivamente. Se aplicó una versión adaptada para Brasil de una escala de compra por impulso en 1296 brasileños de todos los estados del país, con promedio de edad de 35,8 años (DP = 12,8). Los resultados indicaron una escala con estructura unifactorial, tal como el instrumento original, con adecuado índice de consistencia interna. Se encontraron correlaciones positiva entre tendencia de comprar por impulso, influencia social normativa y rasgos de impulsividad del consumidor. El instrumento también fue capaz de diferenciar personas que hacen lista de compras de las que no hacen, y personas que prefieren ir de compras solas de las que prefieren ir acompañadas. Las evidencias encontradas apoyan el uso del instrumento en el contexto brasileño. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Self-Assessment , Compulsive Behavior/psychology , Consumer Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
O objetivo geral foi avaliar a adequação da estrutura fatorial da versão brasileira da Barratt (BIS-11) para adolescentes de ambos os sexos e sugerir versão abreviada da escala com melhores propriedades psicométricas. Foram avaliados 304 adolescentes com idades entre 13 e 18 anos da cidade de Porto Alegre. Foi usada Escala de Impulsividade Barratt. Foi possível observar baixo índice de ajuste do modelo brasileiro em comparação com os demais e bom índice do modelo português. Porém, foi proposto uma versão reduzida da escala, totalizando 12 itens. Esta versão apresentou índices de ajuste adequados. O alfa de Cronbach corrigido obteve valor de 0,974. Este estudo apresenta boa análise fatorial que identifica três fatores da escala original para a população de adolescentes de ambos os sexos em versão abreviada da escala. (AU)
The general aim was to evaluate the adequacy of the factorial structure of the Brazilian version of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) for adolescents of both sexes and to suggest an abridged version of the scale with better psychometric properties. A total of 304 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years of the city of Porto Alegre were evaluated. The Barratt Impulsivity Scale was used. It was possible to observe a low fit index for the Brazilian model compared to the other indices and a good index for the Portuguese model. However, a reduced version of the scale was proposed, totaling 12 items. This version had adequate fit indices. The corrected Cronbach's alpha was 0.974. This study presents a good factorial analysis that identifies three factors of the original scale for the population of adolescents of both sexes in an abbreviated version of the scale. (AU)
El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la adecuación de la estructura factorial de la versión brasileña de Barratt (BIS-11) para adolescentes de ambos sexos y sugerir una versión abreviada de la escala con mejores propiedades psicométricas. Fueron evaluados 304 adolescentes con edades entre 13 y 18 años de la ciudad de Porto Alegre. Se utilizó la Escala de Impulsividad Barratt. Se observó que la tasa de ajuste bajo del modelo brasileño en comparación con los demás y buen índice del modelo portugués. Sin embargo, se propuso una versión reducida de la escala, totalizando en 12 ítems. Esta versión presentó índices de ajuste adecuados. El alfa de Cronbach corregido obtuvo un valor de 0,974. Este estudio presenta un buen análisis factorial que identifica tres factores de la escala original para la población de adolescentes de ambos sexos en la versión abreviada de la escala. (AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Impulsive Behavior , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
Objective To explore the impulse control and event-related potential （ERP） characteristics of patients with mental disorders caused by traumatic brain injury （TBI） in forensic psychiatry identification and to provide objective auxiliary indicators for forensic psychiatry identification. Methods Thirty patients （TBI group） with mental disorders caused by traumatic brain injury, who were identified as mild psychiatric impairment by judicial psychiatry, including 24 males and 6 females, as well as the thirty people in the control group participated in the study. All the participants completed Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 （BIS-11） and ERP induced by Go/NoGo tasks. BIS-11 and ERP data were collected and analyzed. Results The results of the BIS-11 showed that the total score and subscale scores of the TBI group were higher compared to the control group （P<0.05）. Moreover, the TBI group exhibited significantly lower NoGo-N2 amplitude and lower NoGo-P3 amplitude than the control group. The NoGo-N2 amplitude was larger than the Go-N2 amplitude, and the NoGo-P3 amplitude was larger than the Go-P3 amplitude in both groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion Traumatic brain injury could impair impulse control of mild psychiatric impairment patients, and the amplitudes of NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 could be important parameters to evaluate the impulse control of patients with mental disorders caused by traumatic brain injury.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications , Electroencephalography , Evoked Potentials , Inhibition, Psychological , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests , Reaction TimeABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Cognitive functions, such as impulsiveness and executive functions, are often impaired in Parkinson's disease. Objective: to analyze the relationship between impulsiveness and executive functions (EF) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: a correlation study involving a sample of 50 patients with an established diagnosis of PD aged 40 years or older was conducted using the following instruments: Demographic Questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MOCA-B), Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Results: Pearson's correlation analysis indicated low associations (p<0.05) between the MOCA-B and BIS-11, with a value of -0.11, and between the FAB and BIS-11, with a value of -0.16. A significant correlation between the MOCA-B and FAB was found, with a value of 0.73. Conclusion: this study revealed an association between EF and other cognitive functions, but no association between impulsivity and EF in Parkinson's disease.
RESUMO As funções cognitivas, tais como impulsividade e funções executivas, muitas vezes estão alteradas na doença de Parkinson. Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a impulsividade e as funções executivas (FE) em pessoas com a doença de Parkinson (DP). Métodos: estudo de correlação, com uma amostra de 50 pessoas a partir de 40 anos de idade, com diagnóstico estabelecido da doença de Parkinson utilizando-se os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Demográfico, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MOCA-B), Escala de Barrat para Impulsividade (BIS-11) e Frontal Assessment Batery (FAB). Resultados: a análise de Correlação de Pearson indicou baixas associações (p<0,05) entre o Moca-B e BIS-11 com -0,11 e o FAB com o BIS-11 tiveram um valor de -0,16. O valor que teve significativa correlação apareceu no Moca-B com o FAB 0,73. Conclusão: este estudo evidenciou uma associação entre as FE e outras funções cognitivas, mas não evidenciou associação entre impulsividade e funções executivas na doença de Parkinson.
Subject(s)
Humans , Parkinson Disease , Cognition , Executive FunctionABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y confirmar la estructura trifactorial de la Escala Barratt de Impulsividad (BIS-11) propuesta para adultos (Patton, Stanford y Barratt, 1995) en una muestra de 600 niños y adolescentes entre 9 y 17 años de edad (M = 12.9, DT = 2.3). Para el análisis factorial los datos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos. Con la primera submuestra se realizó el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, en el que se identificaron tres dimensiones. Posteriormente, con la segunda submuestra se llevó a cabo el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. La solución factorial resultante de 19 ítems arroja adecuados indicadores de ajuste (CFI = .909, IFI = .912, RMSEA = .043 CI [.032 - .054], x2/gl = 1.561). El alfa Cronbach total ha sido a = .795. Las escalas obtienen coeficientes aceptables para estas edades, Impulsividad Atencional con a = .641, Impulsividad Motora a = .659 e Impulsividad no Planificadora a = .727.
Abstract The aim of this study was to identify and confirm the trifactorial structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) proposed for adults by Patton, Stanford and Barratt (1995) in a sample of children and adolescents. The sample consisted of 600 children between of 9 and 17 years old (M = 12.9, SD=2.3). For the factorial analysis the data were divided into two random samples. In the first subsample the Exploratory Factorial Analysis was performed, and three dimensions were identified. Subsequently, in the second subsample, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed. The factorial solution of 19 items showed adequate fit (CFI = .909, IFI = .912, RMSEA = .043 CI [.032 - .054], x2/gl = 1.561). The total Cronbach alpha was a = .795. Each scale has acceptable coefficients: Attentional Impulsiveness a = .641, Motor Impulsiveness a = .659 and Non-planning Impulsiveness a = .727.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Surveys and Questionnaires , Impulsive Behavior , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Age FactorsABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo principal fue indagar los niveles de agresividad e impulsividad en Cadetes de Policía de San Luis, Argentina. La muestra fue intencional, no probabilística, conformada por 58 alumnos (39 varones y 19 mujeres) que cursan el segundo y tercer año de un instituto de formación. Fueron administrados dos instrumentos: Cuestionario de Agresividad (AQ) (Andreu-Rodríguez, Peña-Fernández & Graña-Gómez, 2002) y la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt (BIS-11) (Oquendo et al., 2001). Las principales conclusiones evidencian niveles elevados de agresión física e impulsividad cognitiva. Las mujeres mostraron puntuaciones elevadas en la subescala hostilidad, mientras que los hombres mayores niveles de agresión física; los alumnos del último año de formación exhibieron niveles elevados de impulsividad motora, agresión verbal e ira. Finalmente, se corroboraron asociaciones positivas entre las variables de impulsividad y agresividad.
Abstract The main objective was to inquire the levels of aggressiveness and impulsivity in Police Cadets of the San Luis, Argentina. The sample was intentional, not probabilistic, and consisted of 58 students (39 males and 19 females) attending the second and third year of a training institute. Two instruments were administered: The Aggressiveness Questionnaire (AQ) (Andreu-Rodríguez, Peña-Fernández & Graña-Gómez, 2002) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) (Oquendo et al., 2001). The main conclusions make refer to high levels of Physical Aggression and Cognitive Impulsiveness. Women showed high scores on the Hostility sub-scale, while men had higher levels of Physical Aggression; the students of the last year of training exhibited elevated levels of Motor Impulsiveness, Verbal Aggression and Wrath. Finally, positive associations between the variables of Impulsivity and Aggressiveness to were corroborated.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Police/psychology , Aggression , Drive , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Ante la complejidad conceptual del constructo impulsividad, autores como Whiteside y Lynam (2001) han sugerido que cuando se habla de impulsividad se refiere, a por lo menos, tres o cuatro fenómenos diferentes. Recientemente se ha propuesto un instrumento, adaptado en nuestro medio, para medir simultáneamente tres subtipos de impulsividad basados en esta teoría: el Cuestionario de Urgencia, Búsqueda de Sensaciones e Impulsividad (CUBI, 2017). El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo superador lograr su versión abreviada. La muestra estuvo formada por 675 participantes de la población general de la Capital Federal de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina) y se previó que no fueran psicólogos ni estudiantes de psicología para evitar variables contaminadoras sobre las respuestas del instrumento. El CUBI-18 se constituyó a partir del análisis de contenido de los 47 ítems originales. Para ello, hubo una selección de 6 ítems por cada escala, de acuerdo a la validez de contenido de los tres subtipos de impulsividad. Se alcanzó un índice kappa del 80% entre dos jueces evaluadores y se aplicó un análisis factorial exploratorio para reducir los 18 ítems. Para estimar la consistencia interna de los factores obtenidos se aplicó el coeficiente omega. Fue posible reducir los datos extraídos con los 18 ítems en tres grandes dimensiones que se corresponden con los conceptos de Urgencia Compulsiva, Búsqueda de Sensaciones e Impulsividad por Imprevisión. Se prueba que las propiedades psicométricas del CUBI-18 mantienen las alcanzadas por el CUBI original. Esto permite contar con una prueba más breve e igualmente efectiva para la exploración de este constructo complejo.
Given the conceptual complexity of the impulsivity construct, authors such as Whiteside and Lynam (2001) have proposed that, when one speaks of this term, it is referring to at least three or four different phenomena. Based on the theory of the five major personality factors (Costa, & McCrae, 2000) Whiteside and Lynam propose that four subtypes of impulsivity can be drawn from the personological dimensions Neuroticism, Extravertion and Consciousness of the Big five model. These are Urgency, facet of Neuroticism; Sensation Seeking trait of Extroversion; Lack of Planning and Lack of Persistence as part of the Consciousness dimension. An instrument has recently been proposed, adapted to the Argentine population of the Buenos Aires city, to simultaneously measure three subtypes of impulsivity based on this theoretical paradigm. The Questionnaire of Urgency, Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity (CUBI, 2017). The CUBI does not include the Lack of Persistence of the original model because it is not considered a subtype of impulsivity But if a characteristic associated with Improvidence Impulsivity. The CUBI measures Compulsive Urgency, Sensation Seeking and Improvidence Impulsivity. The Urgency scale is related to the commission of compulsive behaviors, whose objective is to alleviate the discomfort caused by emotional stress. The Urgency is a measure of the inability to regulate one's impulses. On the other hand, the items of Sensation Seeking indicate the predisposition of the individuals to the behavioral approach before the signals of rewards and novel stimuli. It is also a measure of intolerance to monotony. Finally, Impulsivity for lack of Planning is a scale that indicates the tendency to act fast, without foreseeing the consequences of the acts themselves. It characterizes individuals who do not use all the information they have available before making decisions. The objective of the present work is to obtain an abbreviated version of CUBI maintaining the content validity of the three types of scale. The sample was constituted by 675 participants of the general population of the Federal Capital of Buenos Aires city of Argentina (57% women). The mean age was 33.5 years (SD = 15.7), with ages ranging from 18 to 81 years. Participants were recruited according to inclusion criteria: they should not be psychologists or students of psychology, they should not be taking psychiatric mediation, nor find themselves being treated for a psychopathological disorder. The CUBI-18 was constituted from content analysis of the 47 original items. Six items were selected for each scale, according to the content validity of the three subtypes of impulsivity. A kappa index of 80% is reached between two judges. The result is a version of 18 items adjusted to the theoretical content. An exploratory factor analysis was applied to reduce the 18 items. Items weighing less than .30 were eliminated following the criteria of Hair, Anderson, Tatham, & Black (1998). All three factors accounted for 53.4% of the instrument's total variance. When comparing the subsamples of men and women emerged the same factor structure without the need to eliminate any item. To estimate the internal consistency of the factors obtained, the omega coefficient was applied. It was possible to reduce the data extracted with the 18items in three large dimensions that correspond to the concepts of Compulsive Urgency, Sensation Seeking and Improvidence Impulsivity. It is proved that the psychometric properties of CUBI-18 maintain those reached by the original CUBI. This allows for a shorter and equally effective test for the exploration of this complex construct.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Los estudios sobre comorbilidad entre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y los trastornos de la personalidad reportan tasas del 20-80%, condición que dificulta el diagnóstico y ensombrece el pronóstico, especialmente respecto a su comorbilidad con el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar si las alteraciones patológicas de la personalidad permiten distinguir no solo entre distintos tipos de TCA, sino además en función de su comorbilidad con el TLP. Participaron 29 pacientes con TCA, 10 con TCA comórbido con TLP [TCAc], 27 con TLP y 22 controles sanas, quienes completaron el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) y otras dos medidas, una sobre impulsividad y otra dirigida a evaluar síntomas de bulimia nerviosa (BN). El grupo TCA se caracterizó por mayor compulsividad, principalmente el subgrupo con anorexia nerviosa vs. los grupos TLP y TCAc; no obstante, estos dos últimos compartieron un amplio número de rasgos indicativos de inestabilidad emocional, y también -aunque en menor medida− con el subgrupo con BN. Los hallazgos apoyan un continuum de gravedad en función de la compulsividad-impulsividad, con importantes implicaciones etiopatogénicas, diagnósticas y psicoterapéuticas.
Abstract Studies on comorbidity between eating disorders (ED) and personality disorders yield rates of 20-80%, a condition that makes difficult the diagnosis and complicates prognosis, especially regarding their comorbidity with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The objective of this study was to assess whether pathological personality alterations make it possible to distinguish not only between different types of ED, but also in terms of their comorbidity with BPD. Participants included 29 patients with ED, 10 with comorbid ED with BPD (EDc), 27 with BPD and 22 healthy controls, who completed the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory (MCMI-II), and two other measures, one on impulsivity and other aimed at assess symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN). The ED group was characterized by greater compulsivity, mainly in the subgroup with anorexia nervosa vs. BPD and EDc groups; however, these last two groups shared many features that show emotional instability, although less that the subgroup with BN. These findings support a continuum of severity in terms of compulsivity-impulsivity, with important etiopathogenic, diagnostic and psychotherapeutic implications.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the addiction to highly caffeinated drinks among university students, and we investigated the relationships between smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), burnout, self-esteem, impulsiveness in high caffeine drink addiction risk group (high caffeine group). We also compared these mental health factors differences between the high caffeine group and the control group; and, investigated the relative risk between the independent variables of the high caffeine group. METHODS: This study was conducted in Korea, from June 2015 to July 2016. A set of questionnaires was administered on 511 college students. RESULTS: The participants who belonged to the high caffeine group were more likely to demonstrate the symptoms of ADHD and higher levels of burnout and impulsiveness. Further, the results of logistic regression analysis confirmed the association between the high caffeine group and burnout. CONCLUSION: These behaviors among university students addicted to highly caffeinated drinks suggests the need for timely and effective interventions for those at risk of addiction.